中国到印尼进口最佳运输方式选择（海运、空运及快递详解）

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CBM

Cubic metre. Standard unit for shipping volume; used for LCL pricing and container capacity.

CFS

Container Freight Station. Facility where LCL cargo is consolidated (origin) or deconsolidated (destination). Under FCA (CFS), the seller delivers loose cargo here; hand-off and risk transfer at receipt.

CIF

Cost, Insurance and Freight. Sea and inland waterway only—no air. Seller pays freight and minimum insurance (typically ICC C) to the named port; buyer clears import and pays duties. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel.

clearance

Customs clearance. Process of presenting goods and documents to customs and obtaining release for import or export. Export clearance (who files it) is the key difference between EXW and FOB.

cut-off

Deadline by which cargo or documents must be received to make a specific sailing or flight. Missing it usually means a day's delay.

DDP

Delivered Duty Paid. Seller pays all costs to the buyer's door, including clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. True DDP means the recipient pays nothing at delivery.

door-to-door

Service from shipper's door to consignee's door. The forwarder or carrier coordinates all legs, including pickup and delivery.

EXW

Ex Works. Seller makes goods available at their premises; buyer arranges pickup, export clearance, freight, and everything beyond. Risk transfers at the factory gate—the earliest of all Incoterms.

FCL

Full Container Load. You book an entire container (e.g. 20GP or 40HC); only your cargo inside.

FOB

Free On Board. Seller delivers to the ship and clears export; buyer arranges freight and import from ship's rail. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel. Sea freight only—use FCA for air. For containers, the 'on board' moment is often unclear; FCA (CY/CFS) can be cleaner.

Indonesia National Single Window

INSW. Indonesia's electronic platform for customs clearance, licensing, and import/export documentation.

INSW

Indonesia National Single Window. Centralized system for submitting import/export documents to Indonesian authorities.

IOR

Importer of Record. The entity legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes in the destination country.

ISO 8124

International toy safety standard recognized in Singapore for toy imports, often required for Safety Mark certification.

ISPM-15

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15. Treatment standard for wood packaging (e.g. pallets) to prevent pests.

last-mile

Final leg of delivery from port, airport, or warehouse to the consignee's address. May include remote-area or residential surcharges.

LCL

Less than Container Load. Your cargo shares a container with others; priced per CBM (plus CFS and handling at both ends).

Pajak Pertambahan Nilai

Value Added Tax (VAT) in Indonesia. Applied to imported goods and services, commonly abbreviated as PPN.

pickup

Factory collection. Truck books, loads at origin, and transports cargo to the CFS, CY, or airport. Distance, multi-supplier stops, and cargo readiness affect cost.

port-to-port

Service from origin port to destination port only. You (or your forwarder) arrange pickup and delivery separately.

PPN

Pajak Pertambahan Nilai. Indonesia's VAT, typically 11%, levied on most imports and sales.

Single Window

Ghana's trade facilitation system allowing importers to submit all regulatory documents through a single electronic portal.

SKU

Stock Keeping Unit. Unique identifier for a product variant. Must match across carton labels, packing list, and invoice; mismatches cause warehouse holds or rework.

SNI IEC 60065

Standar Nasional Indonesia IEC 60065. Mandatory safety certification for imported electronic equipment.

SNI ISO 8124

Standar Nasional Indonesia ISO 8124. Mandatory safety certification for imported toys.

SNI ISO 9001

Standar Nasional Indonesia ISO 9001. Quality management certification required for certain imported goods.

VAT

Value Added Tax. Cambodia's standard consumption tax applied to imports, currently at 10%.

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