英国FSA、DEFRA及OPSS食品与化妆品进口规定（许可、申报与清关指南）

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Bank Holiday

Official public holidays in the UK during which ports, customs offices, and logistics providers may operate reduced hours.

CDS

Customs Declaration Service. The UK’s digital platform for submitting import and export customs declarations.

CHIEF

Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight. The legacy UK customs declaration system, being replaced by CDS.

Chinese New Year

A significant holiday in Singapore, during which port and logistics operations may be delayed.

CIF

Cost, Insurance and Freight. Sea and inland waterway only—no air. Seller pays freight and minimum insurance (typically ICC C) to the named port; buyer clears import and pays duties. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel.

clearance

Customs clearance. Process of presenting goods and documents to customs and obtaining release for import or export. Export clearance (who files it) is the key difference between EXW and FOB.

cut-off

Deadline by which cargo or documents must be received to make a specific sailing or flight. Missing it usually means a day's delay.

DAP

Delivered At Place. Seller delivers to a named place (e.g. buyer's warehouse) and unloads; buyer handles import clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. IOR is the buyer.

DDP

Delivered Duty Paid. Seller pays all costs to the buyer's door, including clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. True DDP means the recipient pays nothing at delivery.

door-to-door

Service from shipper's door to consignee's door. The forwarder or carrier coordinates all legs, including pickup and delivery.

EORI

Economic Operators Registration and Identification number. Required for all businesses importing into Poland from outside the EU.

FCL

Full Container Load. You book an entire container (e.g. 20GP or 40HC); only your cargo inside.

HMRC

His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs. The UK government department responsible for customs, VAT, and import duties.

HS codes

Harmonized System codes. Product classification for customs; must match across invoice, packing list, and export declaration.

Incoterms

International Commercial Terms. Standard rules (EXW, FOB, CIF, DDP, etc.) defining who pays, who clears customs, and when risk transfers at each stage.

ISPM-15

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15. Treatment standard for wood packaging (e.g. pallets) to prevent pests.

last-mile

Final leg of delivery from port, airport, or warehouse to the consignee's address. May include remote-area or residential surcharges.

LCL

Less than Container Load. Your cargo shares a container with others; priced per CBM (plus CFS and handling at both ends).

London Gateway

A major deep-sea container port on the River Thames, serving as a key entry point for goods imported from China.

New Year

Japan: late December to early January when many businesses, ports, and warehouses close or reduce operations. Plan shipments to avoid arrival during this window; expect backlog after reopening.

pickup

Factory collection. Truck books, loads at origin, and transports cargo to the CFS, CY, or airport. Distance, multi-supplier stops, and cargo readiness affect cost.

port-to-port

Service from origin port to destination port only. You (or your forwarder) arrange pickup and delivery separately.

REACH

Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (EC 1907/2006). EU regulation controlling chemicals in products imported into Portugal.

RoHS

Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (2011/65/EU). EU directive limiting hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment imported into Portugal.

TRACES-NT

Trade Control and Expert System New Technology. The UK uses TRACES-NT for pre-notification of certain food and animal imports.

VAT

Value Added Tax. Cambodia's standard consumption tax applied to imports, currently at 10%.

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