本指南内容
- 加拿大(Amazon.ca, YOW3)
- Amazon FBA库存
如果你以DDP方式运往加拿大且由承运人担任Importer of Record(IOR),你的名下不会取得提单(BL),也拿不到以你名义签发的B3——结果是没有官方的进口记录,也无法申索GST/HST的进项税抵扣。针对Amazon.ca,一个干净利落的解决方案是:使用DDU并由你的公司担任IOR——这样每票货都会有一份以你名义签发的HBL,B3也与贵司绑定,且报关分离,避免与你无关的货物相互牵连。
DDP到加拿大 vs DDU + IOR(面向Amazon FBA):到底变在哪
多数面向Amazon.ca的“全包DDP到加拿大”报价,依赖承运人的内部进口主体(house importer)。它确实快,但权衡很现实:你的名下没有BL、没有B3,而且若同一BL下其他收货人被抽检,你的箱子也可能一起延误。采用DDU并由你的公司作为Importer of Record(IOR)时,货代会为每票签发HBL,你的报关行会以你名义申报独立的B3,你直接支付关税/税费——从而实现GST/HST的回收。
| Topic | DDP (carrier is IOR) | DDU + your IOR |
|---|---|---|
| Bill of lading (BL/HBL) | Not issued in your name | HBL issued per shipment in your name |
| B3 (Canada customs) | Not in your name | B3 in your name |
| Import record | None under your BN | Full import history under your BN/RM |
| GST/HST recovery | 0% (no ITC for you) | 100% of paid GST/HST recoverable, subject to eligibility |
| Exposure to other consignments’ holds | High (shared BL) | Low (separate entry under your BN) |
为什么BL和B3对Amazon.ca很重要
- 审核留痕:Amazon FBA的理赔和财务团队越来越常要求证明所有权和税务属性的进口单据。以你公司名义签发的BL/HBL与B3就是硬凭证。
- 税务:加拿大GST/HST通常为5%到15%,取决于目的省份。在DDU + IOR模式下,如果你完成注册,这部分税可作为进项税抵扣返还;而在承运人IOR的DDP下,你丧失这项回收。
- 风险隔离:采用house-BL的DDP并柜/并单,如果同一BL下其他进口商不合规或被抽检,整票可能被扣查。使用自有报关单证,你的货不会与不相关的记录绑定在一起。
| Effect | When you ship DDP (carrier IOR) | When you ship DDU + IOR |
|---|---|---|
| Lost input tax credit on GST/HST | 5%–15% of import value lost | 5%–15% recovered as ITC (if registered) |
| Likelihood your freight is delayed by someone else’s paperwork | Elevated | Materially reduced |
| Ability to prove import for audits and VAT/GST refunds | Limited | Strong (B3 + HBL in your name) |
案例:想拿到发往Amazon.ca的BL?选择DDU + IOR,而非DDP
一位总部位于德国、面向Amazon.ca(交付至YOW3)的卖家,希望获取以其公司为抬头的独立HBL,并确认若同一并柜内其他收货人不合规,他们的货不会被连带扣留。他们也需要以自己名义的B3来回收GST/HST。
- 采用DDP的阻碍:承运人作为IOR意味着卖家名下拿不到HBL或B3,且存在共享BL被扣的风险。
- SINO的解决方案:我们切换为DDU,由收货人担任IOR。我们为每票签发HBL,安排以收货人名义的独立报关,并准备与收货人绑定的加拿大单证(包括B3),以便申索进项税抵扣。
| Outcome | DDP (considered) | DDU + IOR (implemented) |
|---|---|---|
| HBL in consignee’s name | No | Yes |
| B3 in consignee’s name | No | Yes |
| GST/HST recoverability | 0% | Up to 100% (subject to registration/eligibility) |
| Exposure to shared BL holds | High | Low |
作为Amazon卖家,如何在加拿大设置你的IOR
你无需在加拿大设立本地公司即可担任IOR。加拿大支持Non‑resident Importer(NRI)身份。SINO Shipping会与持牌报关行协同,在货物开航前完成对齐。
实操版IOR设置清单
- 在CRA申请Business Number(BN)及RM进出口账户(允许非居民)。
- 注册GST/HST以申索进项税抵扣(如适用)。
- 与报关行签署海关授权委托书(POA)。
- 确认产品HS编码、计价方法与原产地声明。
- 准备合规的商业发票与装箱单,并标注你的BN/RM。
首票合规DDU + IOR出运的典型时间线
| Step | What’s done | Typical duration |
|---|---|---|
| Day 0–2 | BN request + RM import account | 1–2 business days |
| Day 2–5 | GST/HST registration (if eligible) + broker POA | 1–3 business days |
| Day 5–7 | HS code/valuation review + doc templates | 1–2 business days |
| Day 7–10 | Booking + origin consolidation + HBL issuance | 2–3 business days |
| Ocean transit (LCL) | South/East China to Canada gateway, then FBA delivery | ~5–7 weeks door-to-door |
(上述为参考时效;具体路径受港口、季节与查验状态影响。)
SINO与“一刀切DDP并柜”有何不同
通用型DDP并柜商通常以自有进口主体统一清关,不会给你出具名下的BL。SINO Shipping在中国本土执行起运操作,从源头建立以单票为单位的单证控制。
- 单票级HBL:作为自1989年运营、在中国拥有八个办公室的NVOCC/Class A货代,我们为每票签发独立HBL,并准确标注你的收货人/通知人信息。
- 独立报关:我们协同完成你的IOR设置,并指示报关行为你单独申报B3,将你的报关条目与他人货物隔离。
- 懂Amazon的操作:FBA外箱标签可在起运地完成;清关放行后,我们安排预约与ASN管理并交付。
- 合规优先的路线设计:当你需要进口可视化与税务回收时,我们主动规避将货物并入“承运人IOR的DDP渠道”,以降低共享风险。
| Control point | Consolidator DDP (carrier IOR) | SINO DDU + your IOR |
|---|---|---|
| Who is IOR | Carrier’s house importer | You (resident or non‑resident) |
| Who gets a BL/B3 | Not you | You |
| Tax position | GST/HST locked in price | GST/HST recoverable as ITC |
| Hold impact | Spread across the BL | Contained to your entry |
何时DDP仍有意义?
当你进行低价值试单、明确不打算设置IOR并接受无法回收GST/HST的损失,或在样品阶段文件成本高于收益时,DDP可能合适。但对于持续的Amazon.ca补货,长期的税务流失与缺乏进口留档,往往比“省事”更昂贵。
结论:需要BL就别再用DDP运往加拿大
如果你需要以公司名义的BL与B3,并希望回收GST/HST,就不要在承运人作为IOR的前提下使用DDP运往加拿大。改用DDU + 自有IOR。SINO Shipping会签发单票HBL,设置或对齐你的IOR,并以独立报关申报,使你发往Amazon.ca的进口具备可审计性、税务效率,并与他人问题隔离。
自1989年以来,我们的NVOCC/Class A团队在中国八个办公室为面向欧洲与拉美的Amazon卖家构建单票级控制。如果你正开启Amazon.ca,我们也能为你复制同样的能力。
为你的下一票FBA货件获取合规的DDU方案——向SINO Shipping索取报价与进口人设置清单。
参考术语表· 13 个术语
搜索术语,或按字母跳转。
- consignee
- The party receiving the goods at destination. Named on the B/L and delivery documents.
- consolidation
- Combining several LCL shipments into one container at origin. Reduces cost per CBM; adds CFS time.
- DDP
- Delivered Duty Paid. Seller pays all costs to the buyer's door, including clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. True DDP means the recipient pays nothing at delivery.
- DDU
- Delivered Duty Unpaid. Recipient pays duties and taxes at or before delivery; opposite of DDP.
- door-to-door
- Service from shipper's door to consignee's door. The forwarder or carrier coordinates all legs, including pickup and delivery.
- GST
- Goods and Services Tax. New Zealand's value-added tax applied to most imports, currently at 15%.
- HBL
- House Bill of Lading. Issued by the forwarder for LCL; each shipper gets an HBL while the carrier issues one MBL for the full container.
- HS Code
- Harmonized System code. International product classification used for customs; determines duty rate and any restrictions.
- HST
- Harmonized Sales Tax. Combined federal and provincial sales tax applied in certain Canadian provinces on imported goods.
- Importer of Record
- The entity in the destination country legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes (abbrev. IOR).
- IOR
- Importer of Record. The entity legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes in the destination country.
- LCL
- Less than Container Load. Your cargo shares a container with others; priced per CBM (plus CFS and handling at both ends).
- VAT
- Value Added Tax. Cambodia's standard consumption tax applied to imports, currently at 10%.
没有与您的搜索匹配的术语。