越南海关清关指南：VNACCS/VCIS电子申报、进口商规定及认证要求详解

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AWB

Air Waybill. Transport document for air freight; proof of contract between shipper and carrier.

B/L

Bill of Lading. Transport document issued by the carrier; evidence of contract and (for negotiable B/L) title to the goods.

bonded warehouse

Customs-controlled storage where goods can be held before duty is paid. Allows deferral of clearance; useful for distribution hubs or staged imports.

consignee

The party receiving the goods at destination. Named on the B/L and delivery documents.

CR Mark

Conformity Regulation Mark. Mandatory certification for regulated products to show compliance with Vietnamese technical standards (QCVN, TCVN).

customs broker

Licensed agent who files customs declarations, liaises with customs, and handles clearance on your behalf.

cut-off

Deadline by which cargo or documents must be received to make a specific sailing or flight. Missing it usually means a day's delay.

DDP

Delivered Duty Paid. Seller pays all costs to the buyer's door, including clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. True DDP means the recipient pays nothing at delivery.

door-to-door

Service from shipper's door to consignee's door. The forwarder or carrier coordinates all legs, including pickup and delivery.

EXW

Ex Works. Seller makes goods available at their premises; buyer arranges pickup, export clearance, freight, and everything beyond. Risk transfers at the factory gate—the earliest of all Incoterms.

FCL

Full Container Load. You book an entire container (e.g. 20GP or 40HC); only your cargo inside.

FOB

Free On Board. Seller delivers to the ship and clears export; buyer arranges freight and import from ship's rail. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel. Sea freight only—use FCA for air. For containers, the 'on board' moment is often unclear; FCA (CY/CFS) can be cleaner.

forwarder

Freight forwarder. Company that books transport, arranges documentation, and often coordinates customs on your behalf.

HS Code

Harmonized System code. International product classification used for customs; determines duty rate and any restrictions.

import declaration

Document filed with customs to clear goods for import. Lists contents, value, HS codes, permits. Under DAP the buyer's broker files; under DDP the seller's broker or IOR files.

Incoterms

International Commercial Terms. Standard rules (EXW, FOB, CIF, DDP, etc.) defining who pays, who clears customs, and when risk transfers at each stage.

IOR

Importer of Record. The entity legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes in the destination country.

ISPM-15

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15. Treatment standard for wood packaging (e.g. pallets) to prevent pests.

last-mile

Final leg of delivery from port, airport, or warehouse to the consignee's address. May include remote-area or residential surcharges.

LCL

Less than Container Load. Your cargo shares a container with others; priced per CBM (plus CFS and handling at both ends).

NACCS

Nippon Automated Cargo and Port Consolidated System. Japan's electronic customs clearance system for sea, air, and express. Under DAP the buyer's broker files; under DDP the seller's broker or IOR files.

phytosanitary certificate

Official document issued by the exporting country's plant protection authority (e.g. GACC for China). States species, origin, and that the consignment is pest-free and meets Japan's import conditions. Required by MAFF for plant-derived goods.

pickup

Factory collection. Truck books, loads at origin, and transports cargo to the CFS, CY, or airport. Distance, multi-supplier stops, and cargo readiness affect cost.

port-to-port

Service from origin port to destination port only. You (or your forwarder) arrange pickup and delivery separately.

QCVN

Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia. Vietnam's National Technical Regulation, specifying mandatory standards for certain products.

temporary import

Import purpose where goods enter for a limited time (exhibition, repair, re-export) and leave without being sold domestically. Requires bond or ATA carnet; higher scrutiny.

VNACCS/VCIS

Vietnam Automated Cargo and Port Consolidated System/Vietnam Customs Intelligence System. Vietnam's electronic customs platform for import/export declarations and cargo tracking.

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