越南运输日历（节假日停运、清关截止及港口时刻表详解）

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clearance

Customs clearance. Process of presenting goods and documents to customs and obtaining release for import or export. Export clearance (who files it) is the key difference between EXW and FOB.

cut-off

Deadline by which cargo or documents must be received to make a specific sailing or flight. Missing it usually means a day's delay.

DDP

Delivered Duty Paid. Seller pays all costs to the buyer's door, including clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. True DDP means the recipient pays nothing at delivery.

door-to-door

Service from shipper's door to consignee's door. The forwarder or carrier coordinates all legs, including pickup and delivery.

EXW

Ex Works. Seller makes goods available at their premises; buyer arranges pickup, export clearance, freight, and everything beyond. Risk transfers at the factory gate—the earliest of all Incoterms.

FCA

Free Carrier. Seller delivers to a named place (CY, CFS, or terminal); buyer books main freight and arranges insurance. Hand-off and risk transfer at delivery to the carrier—a clear, verifiable point. Fits containers (FCL/LCL) better than FOB; for air, use FCA or CIP.

FCL

Full Container Load. You book an entire container (e.g. 20GP or 40HC); only your cargo inside.

FOB

Free On Board. Seller delivers to the ship and clears export; buyer arranges freight and import from ship's rail. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel. Sea freight only—use FCA for air. For containers, the 'on board' moment is often unclear; FCA (CY/CFS) can be cleaner.

IOR

Importer of Record. The entity legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes in the destination country.

ISPM-15

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15. Treatment standard for wood packaging (e.g. pallets) to prevent pests.

last-mile

Final leg of delivery from port, airport, or warehouse to the consignee's address. May include remote-area or residential surcharges.

LCL

Less than Container Load. Your cargo shares a container with others; priced per CBM (plus CFS and handling at both ends).

Lunar New Year

Lunar New Year. The most significant holiday in Hong Kong, often causing delays in shipping and customs clearance.

MIC

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Japanese regulator for radio equipment; issues TELEC certification. Designated bodies like TELEC conduct evaluation.

National Day

Vietnam's Independence Day (September 2nd). Public holiday affecting customs and port operations.

New Year

Japan: late December to early January when many businesses, ports, and warehouses close or reduce operations. Plan shipments to avoid arrival during this window; expect backlog after reopening.

port-to-port

Service from origin port to destination port only. You (or your forwarder) arrange pickup and delivery separately.

QCVN

Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia. Vietnam's National Technical Regulation, specifying mandatory standards for certain products.

RoHS

Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (2011/65/EU). EU directive limiting hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment imported into Portugal.

SON

Standards Organisation of Nigeria. Nigeria's regulatory agency responsible for enforcing product standards and issuing SONCAP certificates.

TCVN

Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam. Vietnam National Standards, voluntary or mandatory standards for product quality and safety.

VNACCS/VCIS

Vietnam Automated Cargo and Port Consolidated System/Vietnam Customs Intelligence System. Vietnam's electronic customs platform for import/export declarations and cargo tracking.

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