In this guide
- Sea freight from China to Costa Rica saves up to 70% vs air, with transit times of 28–35 days to Puerto Limón.
- Costa Rica’s import tax (DAI) ranges from 1%–15%, assessed on CIF value, with a de minimis threshold of USD 50.
- Customs clearance in Costa Rica typically takes 1–3 business days via the TICA platform, but can extend if inspections are triggered.
- FCL shipments to Costa Rica become cost-effective above 12 CBM, with LCL rates averaging $65–$90/CBM compared to FCL’s $1,800–$2,200 per 20’ container.
Shipping rates from China to Costa Rica
Updated November 2026. Indicative rates from China — get a quote for exact pricing.
Current rates
| Method | Rate (USD) | Transit | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sea Freight (20GP) | $2,778–$3,420 | 20–28 days | -4.3% |
| Sea Freight (40GP) | $3,196–$3,850 | 20–28 days | -4.1% |
| Sea LCL | $173.51/CBM | 9–19 days | +39.5% |
| Air Freight (1000kg+) | $17.14/kg | 3–4 days | +24.7% |
| Express Courier | $28.98/kg | 3–5 days | +24.6% |
Quick Estimate
to Costa Rica
Estimates based on public market rates. Final pricing may vary.
Price trend
Market snapshot — November
Sea rates to Costa Rica follow the regional trend and eased this month, with 40GP down 4.1% and 20GP down 4.3%
Air freight rates from China to Costa Rica rose 24.7% this month as peak season demand increased out of South China
Split urgent shipments and plan delivery dates backwards to avoid missing Black Friday or Christmas with ocean freight
20GP ~$3099, 40GP ~$3523 — November rates, surcharges may apply
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Lucas Arillotta · Supply Chain Manager at SINO Shipping · Your cargo clears Puerto Limón in 72 hours. Or it’s stuck for a month. The difference isn’t luck — it’s the choices you make before your shipment even leaves China.
Most importers lose $600–2,500 per China→Costa Rica shipment before their first carton reaches San José. Not on freight rates — on mistakes we see every week: picking the wrong mode for their lead time, missing a Sanitary Registration or Product Safety Certification deadline that triggers a TICA hold, or choosing a service that doesn’t fit their delivery schedule. We’ve managed hundreds of containers, LCL loads, and air consignments from China to Costa Rica. The same three choices make or break every shipment:
- Freight mode — Sea freight costs 60–75% less than air, but air is worth it when you need delivery to San José or Limón in under a week
- Compliance timing — Ministerio de Salud, SFE, and MEIC approvals take 5–60 days; miss your window and your goods wait in customs under TICA review
- Incoterms — FOB gives you control and savings; DDP means simplicity at a 15–25% premium
Whether you’re researching shipping cost from China to Costa Rica or the cheapest way to ship from China to Costa Rica, this guide gives you the framework we use for every Costa Rica-bound shipment: current rates for 2026 (updated monthly), real cost breakdowns, cut-off schedules, pallet specs, insurance, and four case studies from real China→Costa Rica shipments we’ve managed.
Who this is for: First-time importers shipping samples to Costa Rica, e-commerce sellers restocking San José or Limón, and buyers optimizing their China→Costa Rica supply chain. Same framework whether you ship 50 kg by air or 10 containers by sea.
Sea vs Air Freight for Costa Rica: Which Is Best for You?
Choosing between sea and air freight to Costa Rica is more than just a question of speed—it’s about balancing cost, urgency, and compliance. We’ve seen importers lose thousands by picking air for non-urgent cargo, or by underestimating how long a sea shipment takes when deadlines are tight. Let’s break down the numbers and timing so you can make the right call.
Cost vs speed at a glance
November 2026 ratesBest for: 12+ CBM, regular orders
Best for: 1–10 CBM, multi-supplier consolidation
Best for: High-value, urgent, <500 kg
Best for: Samples, <50 kg, fast DDP
Sea Freight: Limón & Caldera
Sea freight is the backbone for most China-to-Costa Rica shipments. If you’re moving more than 2–3 CBM or a palletized load, the savings are substantial—often 60–75% lower than air per kilo.
The two main gateways are Puerto Limón (Caribbean) and Puerto Caldera (Pacific). Typical transit times from Shanghai are:
- Puerto Limón: 28–35 days (weekly sailings, usually via Panama or US Gulf ports)
- Puerto Caldera: 32–38 days (weekly, via Panama or Mexico)
For FCL, you get predictable costs and direct delivery to San José or regional hubs. LCL is viable for smaller volumes, but we see delays if documentation is incomplete or the ISPM 15 stamp on pallets is missing—Costa Rican customs are strict.
Break-even point: For most shipments, sea becomes cost-effective above 150–200 kg or 2 CBM. Below this, air rates can compete, especially if you factor in the destination charges and local handling for LCL.
Air Freight: When Speed Pays
Air freight to Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) delivers in 3–6 days from major Chinese airports. We recommend air in three scenarios:
- Critical deadlines: Telecom equipment for urgent installation—like a recent Beijing→San José shipment we handled—arrived in 4 days, meeting a project launch.
- High-value, low-volume goods: Medical device components or electronics, especially when customs clearance is smooth and the shipment is under 150 kg.
- E-commerce and DDP parcels: Consumer drones, fashion, and electronics where last-mile speed and DDP service are essential. But beware: failing to appoint a local Importer of Record (IOR) can stall air shipments at customs for days.
Pro tip: Shanghai to Puerto Limón via Panama averages 30–32 days for FCL. If you need to hit a retail launch or avoid holiday shutdowns, book air to SJO—3–5 days—and coordinate with your customs broker for pre-clearance.
In short: If you’re shipping bulk, heavy, or non-urgent cargo, sea freight via Limón or Caldera is your best bet. For urgent, high-value, or small shipments—especially those needing fast customs clearance in San José—air freight is worth the premium. We always recommend running a break-even calculation before booking, factoring in local handling, customs, and your delivery window.
Not sure? Answer 4 quick questions
Which mode & Incoterm is right for you?
Answer 4 quick questions — get a tailored recommendation
1. Shipment volume
2. How fast do you need it?
3. Product type
4. Costa Rica import experience
Incoterms China → Costa Rica (FOB, CIF, CIP, DDP)
Choosing the right Incoterm for shipments from China to Costa Rica is critical, especially as Costa Rica’s customs system and importer requirements are stricter than many expect. We see importers struggle most with IOR registration, insurance responsibilities, and hidden last-mile costs. Let’s break down the main Incoterms and their practical impact for Costa Rica-bound cargo.
Who handles what — at a glance
| Responsibility | EXW | FOB | CIF | DDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Export clearance (China) | Buyer | Seller | Seller | Seller |
| Freight booking | Buyer | Buyer | Seller | Seller |
| Main transport cost | Buyer | Buyer | Seller | Seller |
| Cargo insurance | Buyer | Buyer | Seller (min.) | Seller |
| Import clearance (Costa Rica) | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer | Seller |
| Duties & consumption tax | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer | Seller |
| Domestic delivery | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer | Seller |
| Risk transfers at | Factory gate | Ship's rail | Dest. port | Buyer's door |
- Costa Rica requires a registered Importer of Record (IOR) for all shipments. If you’re not locally registered, you must appoint a customs broker or agent before cargo arrives.
- Failure to do so results in customs holds, storage fees, and delayed release—especially for DDP and courier shipments.
- Registration costs typically range from USD 100–300 depending on the broker and import type.
FOB (Free on Board)
FOB is common for larger importers and those with established logistics partners in Costa Rica. With FOB, we see buyers take control of freight and insurance from the port of origin in China. This gives you flexibility to negotiate rates and select carriers, but you must manage all costs and risks after departure—including transshipment through Panama or US Gulf ports.
- Best for: Experienced importers, full container (FCL) loads, those with trusted brokers.
- Risks: You’re responsible for arranging insurance and customs clearance. If your IOR registration is not in place, clearance will be delayed.
- Tip: Confirm your customs broker’s ability to receive the Bill of Lading and handle TICA system filings.
CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight)
CIF is the preferred Incoterm for sea freight into Costa Rica, especially for importers who want predictable costs up to port arrival. Under CIF, the seller covers freight and insurance to Puerto Limón or Puerto Caldera, but you (the buyer) must handle import clearance, duties, and local delivery.
- Best for: LCL shipments, first-time importers, those wanting cost control up to port.
- Risks: You must appoint a local IOR and customs broker before arrival. Insurance is only valid until the port—any damage or loss after unloading is your responsibility.
- Tip: Always request a copy of the insurance policy and clarify exclusions for transshipment routes.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
DDP is becoming more popular for e-commerce and small parcel shipments to Costa Rica. With DDP, the seller is responsible for all costs—including duties, VAT, and last-mile delivery. However, Costa Rica’s customs system (TICA) and mandatory IOR mean DDP is not as “frictionless” as in some countries.
- Best for: E-commerce, small parcels, buyers without local logistics experience.
- Risks: If the seller does not appoint a local IOR, shipments will be held at customs. Hidden last-mile fees (storage, brokerage, delivery) are common if not pre-negotiated.
- Tip: Insist your DDP provider confirms IOR registration and includes all local charges in the quote. See our DDP shipping service for full support.
EXW (Ex Works)
EXW is rarely used for Costa Rica, except by large buyers with their own logistics teams. The buyer assumes all responsibility from the seller’s warehouse in China—including export clearance, freight, insurance, and Costa Rican import formalities.
- Best for: Multinational importers, those with direct relationships and local agents.
- Risks: You must manage export procedures in China and all Costa Rican requirements. Any mistake in documentation (HS code, certificates, IOR) leads to costly delays.
- Tip: Only use EXW if you have a trusted customs broker and are confident in both countries’ procedures.
Which Incoterm is right for Costa Rica?
We’ve seen most importers succeed with CIF for sea freight and DDP for e-commerce or small parcels. FOB works well for experienced buyers with local brokers, while EXW is best left to those with advanced logistics setups. No matter the Incoterm, always secure your IOR registration and clarify who handles import duties, taxes, and last-mile delivery.
If you’re unsure, our team can help you compare options and avoid the most common traps. See our sea freight from China, air freight from China, and DDP shipping service pages for tailored support.
Freight Services to Costa Rica — Air, Sea (FCL/LCL), DDP & Express
Sea vs Air Freight from China to Costa Rica: Which Is Best for You?
Experienced importers with local broker & trucking
25% handled by forwarder
Importers with a reliable partner in Costa Rica
50% handled by forwarder
FOB suppliers + full Costa Rica-side management
75% handled by forwarder
First-time importers, complex compliance
100% handled by forwarder
Sea freight from China to Costa Rica offers major savings for most importers, especially when shipping over 3 CBM or 400 kg. We see ocean rates undercutting air by 60–75% for full containers or consolidated LCL, but delivery times stretch to 28–38 days via transshipment. Air freight, on the other hand, delivers in 3–6 days to San José, making it the go-to for urgent telecom, electronics, and high-value goods. The break-even point is higher than East Asia lanes: for Costa Rica, air makes sense for shipments below 3 CBM or under 400 kg where speed outweighs cost.
Here’s how the main modes stack up:
The break-even rule: when sea beats air
We’ve seen that sea freight wins for most bulk, machinery, and textiles shipments. On the China→Costa Rica lanes, sea freight becomes cost-effective at 3–4 CBM or 400–500 kg, while air is favored for smaller, high-turnover electronics or urgent project cargo. Typical transit times: 28–35 days to Puerto Limón (Caribbean) and 32–38 days to Puerto Caldera (Pacific). Air freight to Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) is 3–6 days from Shanghai or Guangzhou. Use the calculator below with your actual volume and weight to check the current break-even — we update these rates monthly.
Delivery requirements: appointments, access, and urban restrictions
Costa Rica’s urban centers, especially San José, require delivery appointments for bonded warehouses and many commercial addresses. Residential and rural deliveries may face road access restrictions, and trucks over 8 tons are often limited during peak hours. We recommend confirming last-mile access rules with your broker, as missed appointments can trigger storage fees or re-delivery charges. Ports (Limón and Caldera) require advance clearance and scheduling for container pickup; delays can result in demurrage.
Hidden fees: what to watch for
Importers often underestimate destination charges and last-mile costs. Here’s what we see in Costa Rica:
- Origin fees: Export customs, loading, and documentation in China ($80–$150 per shipment)
- Freight: Ocean rates vary by season; LCL surcharges for small volumes ($35–$55 per CBM), airfreight premium ($5–$8 per kg)
- Destination fees: Port handling (Limón/Caldera: $200–$350 per FCL, $60–$120 per LCL), customs broker ($100–$300), import declaration (DUA), and warehouse storage ($25–$50 per day if delayed)
- Last-mile delivery: San José deliveries average $120–$250 per FCL, $40–$70 per pallet; rural areas cost more and may require smaller trucks
- Hidden extras: Missed appointments, ISPM 15 pallet rejections (re-palletizing $60–$100), and DDP shipments with unnegotiated last-mile fees ($50–$100 surprise charges)
We always advise importers to get a detailed quote covering all these elements. For DDP shipments, clarify whether last-mile and customs brokerage are included — hidden fees can quickly erode your margin.
Customs & Compliance for Costa Rica (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Comercio, Superintendencia de Telecomunicaciones, Ministerio de Salud, MEIC, TICA)
Costa Rica’s customs system is managed by the Dirección General de Aduanas (DGA), with clearance handled through the TICA platform (Tecnología de Información para el Control Aduanero). All shipments require advance manifest filing—24 hours for sea, 4 hours for air—and must be processed by a registered customs broker. Entry types include definitive import, temporary import, transit, and re-export. Most importers use definitive import, unless goods are meant for short-term use or onward shipment.
How duties and taxes are calculated
Import duties, known as DAI (Derechos Arancelarios a la Importación), are assessed on the CIF value (Cost + Insurance + Freight). Rates range from 1% to 15% for most goods, with 0% for many raw materials and capital goods. Preferential rates are available under CAFTA-DR for qualifying goods (with a valid Certificate of Origin). The standard VAT (IVA) is 13% and applies to most imports, calculated after duties. For certain products—alcohol, tobacco, vehicles—a Selective Consumption Tax is also levied.
Landed cost = CIF value + Import duty (DAI) + VAT (IVA) + Excise (if applicable)
Key certifications for Costa Rica imports
The most costly mistake on the China–Costa Rica lane
Incorrect or missing HS codes on the import declaration is the #1 compliance pitfall we see. Misclassification can trigger unexpected duties, delays, or even fines. Always double-check HS codes with your broker and ensure all supporting certificates are ready before filing in TICA.
Documents Checklist — China to Costa Rica
What documents are required for China–Costa Rica shipments?
We’ve seen Costa Rica’s customs (Dirección General de Aduanas, DGA) demand a mix of standard and country-specific documents, all submitted via the TICA electronic platform. Your checklist should cover paperwork from the supplier, forwarder, and customs broker — missing even one can delay clearance by days.
Core documents for every shipment
- Commercial Invoice — Must show accurate HS codes, full consignee details, and CIF value.
- Packing List — Detailed itemization; quantities, weights, and packaging type.
- Bill of Lading (sea) or Air Waybill (air) — Endorsed originals or electronic release.
- Import Declaration (DUA) — Filed by your broker in TICA; must match all supporting docs.
- Certificate of Origin — Essential for CAFTA-DR tariff reductions; must be issued by an authorized body.
- ISPM 15 Certificate — Mandatory for all wood packaging; heat treatment/fumigation stamp must be clear.
Country-specific requirements
- Sanitary Registration (Ministerio de Salud) — Required for food, pharmaceuticals, medical devices. Allow 30–60 days for approval.
- Phytosanitary Certificate (Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado, SFE) — Needed for plants, seeds, wood, and plant-based products. Processing typically 2–5 business days.
- Product Safety Certification (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Comercio, MEIC) — Applies to electrical/electronic goods; allow 10–20 business days for verification.
Costa Rica import documents checklist
Confirm all before cargo departs China.
Most common document mistakes we see
- Incorrect or missing HS codes on import declaration — triggers reclassification and delays
- Assuming CAFTA-DR tariff benefits without a valid Certificate of Origin
- Using untreated or unstamped wood pallets — ISPM 15 violation leads to rejection or costly re-packing
Tip: Always appoint a registered IOR (Importador Registrado ante la DGA) before cargo arrives. Your customs broker will guide TICA submissions, but you must supply all supporting documents upfront — especially for shipments needing sanitary or phytosanitary clearance.
China to Costa Rica Freight Lanes & Weekly Cut-offs
Costa Rica’s main shipping lanes from China are well-established, but require careful planning due to transshipment, customs, and local delivery realities. We see two primary sea routes: the first is via Puerto Limón on the Caribbean, serving San José and central regions, with transit times of 28–35 days from Shanghai (often routed through Panama or US Gulf ports). The second is via Puerto Caldera on the Pacific, ideal for Puntarenas and Guanacaste, with sailings from Ningbo and Shanghai taking 32–38 days, typically with a stopover in Panama or Mexico. Both ports offer weekly sailings, but actual arrival windows can shift due to vessel schedules and port congestion.
Top sea freight lanes
2 routes| Best for | Destination | Frequency | Transit | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanghai | Puerto Limón | 28-35 | Weekly (via transshipment) | |
| Ningbo | Puerto Caldera | 32-38 | Weekly (via transshipment) |
For urgent or high-value shipments, air freight lands at Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) near San José. We’ve seen direct flights from Shanghai (PVG) arrive in 3–5 days, and Guangzhou (CAN) in 4–6 days. Air cargo frequency is steady, but capacity can tighten around peak seasons and holidays.
To hit your desired delivery date in Costa Rica, backward planning is essential:
- Confirm delivery window: Start with your required arrival date in San José, Limón, or Puntarenas.
- Check local holidays: Avoid scheduling arrivals around Semana Santa (Holy Week, March/April, Thursday and Friday official holidays), Independence Day (September 15), and Christmas/New Year (December 25, January 1). Customs and ports close, and clearance delays can stretch several days.
- Book sailing or flight: Work backward from your delivery window, allowing for sea transit (28–38 days) or air (3–6 days), plus at least 1–3 business days for customs clearance.
- Allow for transshipment: Add buffer time for vessel transfers in Panama, Mexico, or US Gulf ports; this is a frequent source of delays.
- Cargo cut-off: For sea freight, ensure your cargo is at the origin port or CFS at least 5–7 days before vessel departure. For air, aim for 2–3 days prior to flight.
- Customs documentation: All paperwork (commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading/air waybill, certificates) must be ready before departure. Missing documents or untreated wood packaging (no ISPM 15 stamp) will cause clearance problems.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica cut-offs
Cut-off → who controls → common failure
| CFS cut-off (LCL) | CFS operator | Late drop → rolled to next sailing |
| CY gate-in (FCL) | Port / terminal | Gate closed → wait for next cut |
| Air cargo acceptance | Airline / ground handler | Late arrival → delayed to next flight |
Plan backward from ETD
Set your sailing date, mode, and origin — get the deadlines to ship to Costa Rica.
Your timeline (earliest to latest)
Hit each deadline to make sailing on Wed, 25 Nov 2026
Cargo ready at factory
Mon, 16 Nov 2026
Packed, labelled, CBM confirmed
Pickup (truck to CFS)
Tue, 17 Nov 2026
Supplier releases; truck to CFS
SI / docs cut-off
Tue, 17 Nov 2026
B/L data: consignee, marks, HS, weights
CFS receiving
Thu, 19 Nov 2026
Cargo at CFS for consolidation
Times are indicative. Confirm actual cut-offs with your forwarder.
Pallets & Cargo Insurance for Costa Rica
Costa Rica accepts both the ISO 1200x1000 mm pallet and the US 48”x40” pallet for imports, but all wood packaging must carry a valid ISPM 15 stamp. We’ve seen Costa Rican customs reject entire shipments when the stamp is missing, blurred, or improperly applied — especially in Puerto Limón and Puerto Caldera. The risk is highest for untreated wood: customs will either require immediate re-export or order costly fumigation on arrival (often USD 100–200 per shipment). If you’re shipping machinery, electronics, or textiles, always confirm your supplier uses heat-treated or fumigated pallets, and check the stamp before cargo leaves China.
Coverage comparison
| Type | What's covered | Cost | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier liability | $500–1,000 per container max | Free | Nothing — bare minimum |
| ICC(C) — Basic | Total loss, fire, sinking, stranding | 0.3–0.5% | Low-value, non-fragile goods |
| ICC(B) — Medium | ICC(C) + earthquake, lightning, washing overboard | 0.4–0.7% | General merchandise |
| ICC(A) — All-risk ✓ Best | All risks except war, nuclear, specific exclusions | 0.5–1.0% | Electronics, high-value — anything worth protecting |
$500–1,000 per container max
Nothing — bare minimum
Total loss, fire, sinking, stranding
Low-value, non-fragile goods
ICC(C) + earthquake, lightning, washing overboard
General merchandise
All risks except war, nuclear, specific exclusions
Electronics, high-value — anything worth protecting
For insurance, we recommend ICC(A) All Risks coverage for all China→Costa Rica lanes, regardless of mode. This is standard practice among importers using CIF or DAP terms, and costs typically USD 10–30 per USD 10,000 insured. Most brokers in San José and Limón expect you to provide proof of insurance for customs clearance; without it, you’re exposed to loss, theft, or damage (especially during transshipment in Panama or Mexico).
General Average applies in Costa Rica as in all international shipping. If a vessel declares General Average, all cargo owners must contribute to loss recovery — even if your cargo wasn’t damaged. We advise importers to request a General Average guarantee from their insurance provider before booking, since we’ve seen delays when importers scramble to arrange this after arrival.
Choosing the right pallet and verifying insurance up front reduces rejection risk and protects your shipment from the unexpected.
Case Studies — China → Costa Rica (LCL, FCL, Air, DDP)
Medical device components: San José delivery, sanitary compliance
A medical device manufacturer in San José needed to import small batches of precision components from Shenzhen. Costa Rica requires prior sanitary registration for all medical device imports, and strict documentation for customs clearance.
We coordinated with the supplier to secure the Ministerio de Salud sanitary registration before shipment, ensured all documents matched, and worked with a local customs broker to pre-file the import declaration in the TICA system. Cargo was shipped LCL via Puerto Limón and trucked to San José.
Without sanitary registration, clearance would have stalled; we see Costa Rica customs strictly enforce this for medical devices. Pre-clearance and document review are essential for smooth entry.
Textile rolls: 40' container to bonded warehouse, ISPM 15 risk
A textile wholesaler in San José ordered a full container of fabric rolls from Shanghai, routed via Puerto Limón. Costa Rica’s customs require ISPM 15 certification for all wood pallets, and the client used mixed pallets from different suppliers.
We audited pallet documentation and arranged for ISPM 15 re-stamping at origin, then booked direct FCL delivery to a bonded warehouse in San José. Our customs broker handled the DUA import declaration and verified CAFTA-DR eligibility for reduced duties.
Missing or illegible ISPM 15 stamps can trigger costly rejections at Costa Rica ports. We always review wood packaging compliance before booking FCL shipments.
Telecom equipment: urgent airfreight, advance manifest filing
A telecom contractor in San José faced a tight deadline to install new network hardware sourced from Beijing. Airfreight was chosen for speed, but Costa Rica requires advance manifest filing and accurate HS codes for electronics.
We ensured the supplier provided a detailed packing list and commercial invoice with correct HS codes, then submitted the manifest to TICA four hours before arrival. Our local broker expedited clearance at Juan Santamaría International Airport.
Advance manifest filing is mandatory for air shipments; incorrect HS codes can delay telecom equipment clearance. We always triple-check codes and documentation for air imports.
E-commerce electronics: first-time seller, IOR registration snag
A new e-commerce seller shipped consumer drones from Guangzhou to San José using DDP, but failed to appoint a registered Importador ante la Dirección General de Aduanas. Customs held the shipment until a local agent was named.
We quickly arranged local IOR registration through our Costa Rica partner, negotiated with customs for release, and clarified DDP fee coverage for last-mile delivery. The shipment was released after five days.
Costa Rica requires a registered IOR for all imports—even DDP. First-time sellers must confirm IOR arrangements before shipping to avoid costly hold-ups.
Ship to Costa Rica with confidence
Every section of this guide points to the same conclusion: shipping from China to Costa Rica is straightforward when you plan ahead — and expensive when you don’t.
We update this guide’s rates and data every month for 2026. Bookmark it or subscribe to our rate alerts — and when you’re ready to ship, get a Costa Rica shipping quote tailored to your lane, volume, and delivery window.
ReferenceGlossary· 60 terms
Search a term, or jump by letter.
- advance
- When the carrier or broker pays duties, taxes, or fees to customs on your behalf and invoices you later. Often used with disbursement; confirm who pays the advance and any fee.
- bonded warehouse
- Customs-controlled storage where goods can be held before duty is paid. Allows deferral of clearance; useful for distribution hubs or staged imports.
- brokerage
- Fee for customs brokerage: filing the declaration, liaising with customs, and securing release. May be bundled (e.g. express) or separate.
- CAFTA-DR
- Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement. Trade agreement providing preferential tariffs for qualifying goods imported from China via eligible countries.
- cargo insurance
- Insurance covering loss or damage to goods in transit. Arrange it from the moment risk transfers to you—under EXW that's at the factory gate; under FOB at the ship's rail.
- CBM
- Cubic metre. Standard unit for shipping volume; used for LCL pricing and container capacity.
- Certificate of Origin
- Document certifying where goods were produced. Often required for preferential duty rates or by the importer.
- CFS
- Container Freight Station. Facility where LCL cargo is consolidated (origin) or deconsolidated (destination). Under FCA (CFS), the seller delivers loose cargo here; hand-off and risk transfer at receipt.
- CIF
- Cost, Insurance and Freight. Sea and inland waterway only—no air. Seller pays freight and minimum insurance (typically ICC C) to the named port; buyer clears import and pays duties. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel.
- CIP
- Carriage and Insurance Paid To. All modes (sea, air, multimodal). Seller pays freight and broader insurance (often ICC A) to the agreed place. Higher cover than CIF minimum—preferred for air freight and high-value cargo.
- clearance
- Customs clearance. Process of presenting goods and documents to customs and obtaining release for import or export. Export clearance (who files it) is the key difference between EXW and FOB.
- Commercial Invoice
- Document stating value, description, and terms of the goods; required for customs and payment.
- consignee
- The party receiving the goods at destination. Named on the B/L and delivery documents.
- Consumption Tax
- Japan's VAT, levied at import (e.g. 10% on most goods). With DDP, the IOR pays it before goods are released.
- customs broker
- Licensed agent who files customs declarations, liaises with customs, and handles clearance on your behalf.
- cut-off
- Deadline by which cargo or documents must be received to make a specific sailing or flight. Missing it usually means a day's delay.
- CY
- Container Yard. Terminal area where full containers are received, stored, and delivered. Under FCA (CY), the seller delivers the stuffed container here; hand-off and risk transfer at gate-in.
- DAP
- Delivered At Place. Seller delivers to a named place (e.g. buyer's warehouse) and unloads; buyer handles import clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. IOR is the buyer.
- DDP
- Delivered Duty Paid. Seller pays all costs to the buyer's door, including clearance, duties, and Consumption Tax. True DDP means the recipient pays nothing at delivery.
- demurrage
- Charge when cargo stays at the terminal beyond the free time allowed. Often due to late docs or delayed pickup.
- destination charges
- Fees at the destination port: terminal handling, documentation, release, CFS deconsolidation (LCL), storage. Often bundled or omitted from the first quote—confirm line by line.
- DGA
- Dirección General de Aduanas. The Dominican Republic's Customs Authority responsible for regulating and overseeing imports.
- Dirección General de Aduanas
- General Directorate of Customs. Panama's main customs authority responsible for import/export regulation and enforcement.
- DUA
- Documento Único de Importación. Chilean import declaration form used in customs procedures.
- duty
- Import duty. Tax levied by customs on imported goods, based on HS code, value, and origin.
- excise tax
- Tax on specific goods (alcohol, tobacco) levied at import. In Japan, excise is added to the base before Consumption Tax is calculated.
- exclusions
- Clauses that explicitly exclude certain causes of loss from insurance coverage (e.g. insufficient packing, inherent vice, delay, humidity). Check the certificate before you accept CIF or CIP.
- export clearance
- Customs process to release goods for export before departure. Who arranges it depends on Incoterm: seller under FOB/FCA, buyer under EXW.
- EXW
- Ex Works. Seller makes goods available at their premises; buyer arranges pickup, export clearance, freight, and everything beyond. Risk transfers at the factory gate—the earliest of all Incoterms.
- FCL
- Full Container Load. You book an entire container (e.g. 20GP or 40HC); only your cargo inside.
- FOB
- Free On Board. Seller delivers to the ship and clears export; buyer arranges freight and import from ship's rail. Risk transfers when goods are on board the vessel. Sea freight only—use FCA for air. For containers, the 'on board' moment is often unclear; FCA (CY/CFS) can be cleaner.
- forwarder
- Freight forwarder. Company that books transport, arranges documentation, and often coordinates customs on your behalf.
- gate-in
- When a container or cargo is received at the terminal; the carrier or terminal issues a receipt. Under FCA, risk transfers at gate-in. Carriers add on-board notation to the B/L after gate-in once the container is loaded.
- General Average
- Maritime principle where all cargo interests share a loss incurred to save the ship (e.g. jettison). Often covered under ICC(A).
- HS Code
- Harmonized System code. International product classification used for customs; determines duty rate and any restrictions.
- import declaration
- Document filed with customs to clear goods for import. Lists contents, value, HS codes, permits. Under DAP the buyer's broker files; under DDP the seller's broker or IOR files.
- Import Duty
- Tax levied by Iraqi customs on goods imported into Iraq, calculated based on product classification and value.
- import permit
- Authorization from Japan Customs to release cargo for consumption. Issued after declaration, document exam, inspection (if any), and payment of duties and Consumption Tax.
- Importer of Record
- The entity in the destination country legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes (abbrev. IOR).
- Incoterms
- International Commercial Terms. Standard rules (EXW, FOB, CIF, DDP, etc.) defining who pays, who clears customs, and when risk transfers at each stage.
- Independence Day
- National holiday (September 1) in Uzbekistan, impacting port and customs schedules.
- IOR
- Importer of Record. The entity legally responsible for the import declaration and for paying duties and taxes in the destination country.
- ISPM 15
- International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15. Treatment standard for wood packaging (pallets, crates)—heat treatment or fumigation mark required. Non-compliant wood blocks Japan import release.
- IVA
- Imposta sul Valore Aggiunto. Italy's value-added tax applied to imported goods, collected at customs clearance.
- landed cost
- Total cost to get goods to the final destination: transport, handling, customs, duties, taxes, and last-mile. Use it to compare modes, not headline rate alone.
- last-mile
- Final leg of delivery from port, airport, or warehouse to the consignee's address. May include remote-area or residential surcharges.
- LCL
- Less than Container Load. Your cargo shares a container with others; priced per CBM (plus CFS and handling at both ends).
- New Year
- Japan: late December to early January when many businesses, ports, and warehouses close or reduce operations. Plan shipments to avoid arrival during this window; expect backlog after reopening.
- Packing List
- Document listing contents, weights, and packaging of each package; used for customs and cargo handling.
- palletized
- Cargo loaded on pallets. Many Japan warehouses require palletized cargo; floor-loaded cartons may be refused or incur handling fees.
- palletizing
- Loading cargo onto pallets for handling and transport. Often optional at CFS; sometimes mandatory for Japan or specific carriers.
- phytosanitary certificate
- Official document issued by the exporting country's plant protection authority (e.g. GACC for China). States species, origin, and that the consignment is pest-free and meets Japan's import conditions. Required by MAFF for plant-derived goods.
- pickup
- Factory collection. Truck books, loads at origin, and transports cargo to the CFS, CY, or airport. Distance, multi-supplier stops, and cargo readiness affect cost.
- pre-clearance
- Submitting import documents before cargo arrives (Japan: Pre-arrival Examination). Reduces clearance time; requires B/L or AWB and permits ready in advance.
- preferential rates
- Lower or zero duties under FTAs/EPAs (e.g. RCEP, Japan–China). Require meeting origin rules and providing a Certificate of Origin; without proof, the general (WTO) rate applies.
- reclassification
- When customs assigns a different HS code than declared. Triggers a new duty rate, potential backpayment, and delays. Vague descriptions invite reclassification.
- Semana Santa
- Holy Week. Major holiday period in Mexico that can impact port and customs operations.
- temporary import
- Import purpose where goods enter for a limited time (exhibition, repair, re-export) and leave without being sold domestically. Requires bond or ATA carnet; higher scrutiny.
- transshipment
- Cargo is transferred at an intermediate port before reaching the final destination. Adds another terminal, cut-off, and handoff—more variability than direct sailings.
- VAT
- Value Added Tax. Cambodia's standard consumption tax applied to imports, currently at 10%.
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